The essential in 30 seconds
- Fixed VHF mandatory: any sailboat venturing beyond sheltered waters (≥ 2 NM from shore) must have a fixed VHF with ASN/DSC + GPS + registered MMSI. This is the regulatory Division 240 requirement.
- Portable VHF as backup: not mandatory but essential offshore (backup + use in tender/raft). ICOM IC-M94DE (374 €) with GPS + AIS-RX + DSC is the reference.
- Class B AIS SOTDMA: premium upgrade vs Class B CSTDMA. 5 W output (vs 2 W), priority channel access, 5 s latency (vs 30 s). Visibility in racing and busy traffic zones.
- Essential 2026 combo: fixed VHF with Class B AIS SOTDMA + integrated GPS (B&G V60-B + GPS-500 = 1 154 € HT) + portable VHF with AIS-RX. More essential than an EPIRB for coastal cruising.
- Workshop verdict: for 80 % of 30-45 ft sailboats, the combo B&G V60-B + GPS-500 (1 154 €) + ICOM IC-M94DE portable is our standard. Total budget ~ 1 530 € HT.
The marine VHF is the #1 communication device. Ahead of satellite phones, EPIRBs, and coastal 4G. It is the only channel that allows direct communication with another vessel, a coast guard station, or a CROSS, and triggers a coordinated response within the European SAR chain.
This article distinguishes the two forms (fixed vs portable), explains AIS classes (A vs B vs B-SOTDMA), presents the brands carried by Skysat, and provides a workshop verdict by program. For complementary distress beacons (EPIRB / PLB / MOB), see EPIRB vs PLB vs AIS MOB — choosing a distress beacon for your sailboat.
French legal framework — Division 240 and VHF requirements
Division 240 requires, for a sailboat ≤ 24 m:
- Sheltered waters (≤ 2 NM from shore): no VHF required (exceptionally rare case).
- Coastal category (2-6 NM): fixed VHF with ASN (DSC) strongly recommended.
- Semi-offshore category (6-60 NM): fixed VHF with ASN mandatory + registered MMSI (ANFR).
- Offshore category (> 60 NM): fixed VHF with ASN + internal GPS + mandatory AIS-RX + 406 MHz EPIRB.
The MMSI registration (Maritime Mobile Service Identity) is free via ANFR and takes 10 minutes online. Without a registered MMSI, ASN/DSC is useless — you can call, but no one knows who is calling.
Fixed VHF — functions and brands carried
A modern 2026 fixed VHF integrates four standard functions: voice radio, ASN/DSC (Digital Selective Calling), AIS-RX (receiving AIS targets), and internal GPS (standalone). Premium versions add AIS-TX (AIS transmission = Class B transponder).
B&G V60 — basic AIS reception
The B&G V60 AIS-RX (723 €) is the entry-level fixed VHF with ASN, internal GPS, and AIS reception. You see nearby AIS-equipped vessels but they do not see you. Suitable for standard coastal cruising.
B&G V60-B — integrated Class B AIS transponder
The B&G V60-B (1 049 €) adds Class B AIS transmission (CSTDMA, 2 W). You see and are seen. This is the right compromise for most 30-50 ft cruising sailboats venturing offshore.
B&G V60-B + GPS-500 — complete solution
The V60-B + GPS-500 pack (1 154 €) separates the GPS receiver from the VHF unit — useful if the VHF is below deck and requires an external GPS antenna at the cockpit for reliable reception. This is our workshop standard for refits on 35+ ft sailboats.
Portable VHF — backup and tender/raft use
A portable VHF is not mandatory but becomes essential as soon as you leave the dock. Three typical uses:
- Fixed VHF backup: in case of electrical failure or a man-overboard situation where the fixed VHF is no longer operational.
- Tender/raft communication: in the tender while anchored, or in the liferaft in case of abandonment.
- Crew-to-shore communication: harbor master, coast guard station, or another crew ashore.
ICOM IC-M94DE — the 2026 portable reference
The ICOM IC-M94DE (374 €) is our workshop reference for portable VHFs. It includes internal GPS, ASN/DSC, AIS-RX, and IPX8 waterproofing (floats). Practical standby battery life is 10-12 h + 1 h of transmission. This is the portable VHF we install on all our 2026 offshore refits.
Class A vs B vs B-SOTDMA AIS
The AIS (Automatic Identification System) transmits on two dedicated VHF channels (161.975 and 162.025 MHz). Not all transponders are equal.
Class A — mandatory for commercial vessels
Mandatory for SOLAS commercial vessels. 12.5 W output, 2-10 s latency depending on speed. Not required for pleasure craft (except mega-yachts > 300 GT).
Class B CSTDMA — entry-level pleasure craft
The historic pleasure craft standard. 2 W output, 30 s latency in busy traffic zones (channel access competition with Class A vessels). The vessel is visible, but its position updates slowly.
Class B SOTDMA — the 2026 premium upgrade
New standard since 2018, widely deployed since 2022. 5 W output, guaranteed 5 s latency, priority channel access. In busy traffic zones (English Channel, Bay of Biscay, Mediterranean in summer), this is a significant upgrade: your position updates 6× faster and you are visible 2× farther away.
Upgrade cost from B to B SOTDMA: ~ 150-200 € HT for equivalent hardware. For most serious offshore racing and cruising sailboats in 2026, this is the right choice.
2026 model comparison chart
| Model | Type | AIS | Internal GPS | Waterproofing | Price HT |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| B&G V60 | Fixed | RX only | Yes | IPX7 | 723 € |
| B&G V60-B | Fixed | Class B CSTDMA RXTX | Yes | IPX7 | 1 049 € |
| B&G V60-B + GPS-500 | Fixed + external GPS antenna | Class B CSTDMA RXTX | Yes (separate) | IPX7 | 1 154 € |
| ICOM IC-M94DE | Portable | RX only | Yes | IPX8 (floats) | 374 € |
Workshop verdict by program
Coastal cruising (≤ 6 NM)
Regulatory minimum: fixed VHF with ASN such as B&G V60 (723 €). AIS-TX is not essential (you see others, but being seen is not critical locally). Total: ~ 800 € HT installed.
Offshore cruising (6-60 NM)
Recommended: fixed VHF with Class B AIS = B&G V60-B (1 049 €) + portable VHF ICOM IC-M94DE (374 €). You are visible to ferries, cargo ships, and other sailboats. Total: ~ 1 530 € HT.
Transatlantic / oceanic (> 60 NM)
Fixed VHF with Class B AIS + external GPS = B&G V60-B + GPS-500 (1 154 €) + 2 portables ICOM (one per crew member + 1 in the liferaft). Total: ~ 2 000 € HT.
Offshore racing
Class B AIS SOTDMA mandatory (upgrade ~ 200 € if base model is CSTDMA). IPX8 waterproof portable VHF per crew member (3-4 units). Total: ~ 2 500-3 000 € HT.
5 common installation errors
VHF errors — observed at Skysat workshop
- MMSI not registered. The VHF is installed, connected, configured — but the MMSI was never registered with ANFR. ASN/DSC works technically, but no SAR center can identify you. Observed in 1 out of 3 installations during check-ups. Registration is free, online, and takes 10 minutes.
- VHF antenna poorly positioned. A sailboat VHF antenna must be at the masthead (maximum range). Mounted on the stern rail or backstay, range drops from 20 NM to 5 NM. All VHF range calculations (formula 1.22 × √antenna height) assume the antenna is at the masthead. See our guide to sailboat VHF antennas.
- Undersized coaxial cable. Over 18 m of mast, RG58 cable loses 6 dB (75 % of power), RG213 loses 2 dB (35 %). Always use RG213 or Belden 9913 on sailboats, never RG58. Watertight connectors are mandatory.
- Disable internal GPS and use external GPS via N2K. On paper it works. In practice, if the N2K network fails, the VHF loses its GPS and can no longer transmit a position in an ASN call. Always keep the internal GPS active as a backup.
- Fail to test ASN annually. The ASN test call (channel 70) must be performed at least once per year, ideally before each season. Without testing, you may discover on the day it doesn’t work. Procedure: VHF menu → ASN test → select channel 70 → send. Expected response: visual confirmation + CROSS acknowledgment in some cases.
FAQ — VHF + AIS in practice
Do you need a license to use a marine VHF?
Yes, the CRR (Restricted Radiotelephone Operator Certificate) is mandatory in France to transmit on a marine VHF. ANFR exam, 80 € HT, valid for life. For listening only (no transmission), no license is required. In practice, as soon as you transmit even a call to the harbor master, the CRR is mandatory.
Practical range of a sailboat VHF vs a cargo ship?
VHF range follows the Norton formula: range NM ≈ 1.22 × (√h_tx_antenna + √h_rx_antenna). Sailboat with 15 m mast (antenna at 17 m) → cargo with 30 m mast (antenna at 35 m) → practical range 12 NM. Sailboat to sailboat (two 17 m antennas) → 10 NM. Sailboat to coast guard station (antenna 80 m) → 16 NM. This is more than sufficient for most coastal situations.
AIS via smartphone Bluetooth — reliable?
For visualization, yes. Most modern AIS gateways (B&G V60-B, ICOM IC-M94DE) broadcast AIS via Bluetooth or WiFi to tablet/smartphone apps (Aquamap, Navionics, Weather4D, etc.). For critical safety (collision avoidance), always keep a dedicated multifunction chartplotter screen — the tablet may run out of battery, crash, or be left below in the cabin. Redundancy is mandatory.
Difference between channel 16 and channel 70 ASN?
Channel 16 (156.800 MHz) = international distress and calling voice channel. This is where you say "MAYDAY MAYDAY MAYDAY" in an emergency. Channel 70 (156.525 MHz) = ASN/DSC digital channel = automated digital call. More effective in noisy zones because it does not require voice monitoring by other vessels — the DSC receiver activates automatically upon reception. In practice, send DSC on channel 70 AND voice call on channel 16 = double safety.
Do you need a Class D or Class A DSC VHF?
Class A DSC = SOLAS commercial vessels (cargo, ferry, passenger ship). Class D DSC = pleasure craft and fishing vessels. All modern fixed pleasure VHFs (B&G V60-B, ICOM IC-M93, Raymarine Ray73) are Class D DSC. This is the pleasure craft standard — do not buy Class A for pleasure use; it is more expensive and complex without any benefit.
Waterproof or submersible portable VHF?
"Waterproof" can range from IPX4 (splash-resistant) to IPX8 (submersible). For a sailboat VHF, aim for IPX7 minimum (30 min immersion at 1 m) and ideally IPX8 with floatation (e.g., ICOM IC-M94DE floats). A VHF that falls in the water without floatation costs 374 € to 800 €. The +50 € investment for floatation is negligible.
What antenna height maximizes range?
VHF range is close to optical range. For a 10 m sailboat mast (antenna at 12 m), range to a coast guard station (antenna 80 m) = ~ 15 NM. For a 15 m sailboat (17 m antenna), range to the same station = ~ 17 NM. Doubling antenna height only adds ~ 15 % range — the marginal investment is low. Better to have a 1 m quality antenna properly mounted at the masthead than a 3 m antenna mounted on the stern rail.
Skysat is an authorized distributor for B&G, ICOM, Raymarine, and Navico. This article reflects our experience equipping VHFs on over 150 sailboats between 2020 and 2026, in cruising and racing. 2026 HT prices are indicative for authorized distributors, excluding MMSI registration (free via ANFR) and specific wiring.
